J Appl Biomed 17:11, 2019 | DOI: 10.32725/jab.2019.005

Genetically engineered CAR T-immune cells for cancer therapy: recent clinical developments, challenges, and future directions

Sherien M. El-Daly1,2,*, Jihan Hussein1
1 National Research Centre, Medical Research Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
2 National Research Centre, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

Cancer immunotherapy offers tremendous clinical outcomes in cancer management with the potential to induce sustained remission in patients with refractory disease. One of these immunotherapy modalities is the adoptive transfer of autologous T-cells that are genetically engineered ex vivo to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). These receptors can direct T-cells to the surface antigens of tumor cells to initiate an efficient and specific cytotoxic response against tumor cells. This review elucidates the structural features of CAR T-cells and their different generations reaching the recent 4th generation (TRUCK). The step-wise treatment process using CAR T-cell therapy and some of the updated prominent clinical applications of this treatment modality in both hematologic and solid malignancies are also covered in the present review. The success of CAR T-cell therapy is still encountered by several limitations for a widespread clinical application of this treatment modality, these challenges along with the recent innovative strategies that have been developed to overcome such drawbacks, as well as, the approaches and future directions aiming for a commercial low cost CAR T-cell immunotherapy modality, are all covered in the present review.

Keywords: Adoptive T-cell transfer; CAR T-cells; Cancer immunotherapy; Chimeric antigen receptor; Clinical studies; Toxicity management
Conflicts of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interests to declare.

Received: August 30, 2018; Accepted: January 29, 2019; Prepublished online: February 20, 2019; Published: March 19, 2019  Show citation

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El-Daly SM, Hussein J. Genetically engineered CAR T-immune cells for cancer therapy: recent clinical developments, challenges, and future directions. J Appl Biomed. 2019;17(1):11. doi: 10.32725/jab.2019.005. PubMed PMID: 34907752.
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