J Appl Biomed 4:187-196, 2006 | DOI: 10.32725/jab.2006.021

The effect of succinic acid monoethyl ester on plasma and tissue glycoproteins in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats

Leelavinothan Pari*, Ramalingam Saravanan
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu-608 002, India.

Succinic acid monoethyl ester (EMS) was recently proposed as an insulinotropic agent for the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The present study investigated the effect of EMS and Metformin on dearrangement in glycoprotein levels in the streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabeteic model. Succinic acid monoethyl ester was administered intraperitoneally for 30 days to normal and diabetic rats. The effect of EMS on glucose, insulin, and plasma and tissue glycoproteins were studied. The effect of EMS was compared with Metformin, a reference drug. The levels of glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and plasma glycoproteins containing hexose, hexosamine and fucose were increased significantly whereas the level of plasma insulin and haemoglobin were decreased significantly in diabetic rats. There was a significant decrease in the level of sialic acid and elevated levels of hexose, hexosamine and fucose in the liver and kidney of streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic rats. Administration of EMS to diabetic rats was followed by a decreased level of glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and plasma glycoproteins. The levels of plasma insulin, haemoglobin and tissue sialic acid were increased whereas the levels of tissue hexose, hexosamine and fucose were near normal. The present study indicates that the EMS possesses a significantly beneficial effect on the glycoprotein moiety in addition to its antidiabetic effect.

Keywords: succinic acid monoethyl ester; nicotinamide; streptozotocin; glycoprotein components

Received: July 28, 2006; Revised: August 18, 2006; Published: July 31, 2006  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Pari L, Saravanan R. The effect of succinic acid monoethyl ester on plasma and tissue glycoproteins in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. J Appl Biomed. 2006;4(4):187-196. doi: 10.32725/jab.2006.021.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Ainscow E.K., Zhao C., Rutter G.A.: Acute overexpression of lactate dehydrogenase-A perturbs beta-cell mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion. Diabetes 49:1149-1155, 2000. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Akkan A.G., Malaisse W.J.: Iterative pulse administration of succinic acid monomethyl ester to streptozotocin diabetic rats. Diabetes Res. 23:55-63, 1993.
    3. Alarcon C., Wicksteed B., Prentki M, et al.: Succinate is a preferential metabolic stimulus-coupling signal for glucose-induced proinsulin biosynthesis translation. Diabetes 51:2496-2504, 2002. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Anand V.K., Solanki R.L., Ramdeo I.N., Tandon S.K.: A study of serum glycoproteins in diabetes mellitus. J. Assoc. Physicians India 33:273-274, 1985. Go to PubMed...
    5. Bailey C.J., Flatt P.R.: Antidiabetic drugs need developments. Indian. J. Biotechnol. 6: 139 - 142, 1986.
    6. Bannon P.: Effect of pH on the elimination of the labile fraction of glycosylated haemoglobin. Clin. Chem. 28:2183, 1982. Go to original source...
    7. Begum N., Moses G.P.S., Shanmugasundaram K.R.: Protein bound polysaccharides in human and experimental diabetes. Arogya J. Health Sci. 4:140-144, 1978.
    8. Berenson G.S., Radhakrishnamurthy, Dalferes Jr., E.R..: Connective tissue macromolecular changes in rats with experimentally induced diabetes and hyperinsulinism. Diabetes 21:733-743, 1972. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Brownlee M.: Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 414: 813-820, 2001. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Bunn H.F., Shapiro R., Mc Manns M. et al.: Structural heterogenecity of human haemoglobin A due to non-enzymic glycosylation. J. Biol. Chem. 254:3892-3898, 1979. Go to original source...
    11. Dische Z., Shettles L.B.: A specific color reaction of methyl pentoses and a spectrophotometric micro method for their determination. J. Biol. Chem. 175:596-603, 1948. Go to original source...
    12. Drabkin D.L., Austin J.M.: Spectrophotometric constants for common haemoglobin derivatives in human, dog and rabbit blood. J. Biol. Chem. 98:719-733, 1932. Go to original source...
    13. Duncan B.D.: Multiple range tests for correlated and heteroscedastic means. Biometrics 13: 359-364, 1957. Go to original source...
    14. Eizirik, D.L., Welsh, N., Niemann, A., et al.: Succinic acid monomethyl ester protects rat pancreatic islet secretory potential against interleukin- lβ (IL-1&beta) without affecting glutamate decarboxylase expression or nitric oxide production. FEBS Lett. 337:298-302, 1994. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Eizirik, D.L., Delaney, C.A., Green, M.H.L. et al.: Nitric oxide donors decrease the function and survival of human pancreatic islets. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 118:71-83, 1996. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Elson D.F., Meredith M.: Therapy for type-2 diabetes mellitus. Wis. Med. J. 97:49-54, 1998.
    17. Elson L.A., Morgan W.T.J.: A colorimetric method for the determination of glucosamine and chondrosamine. Biochem. J. 27:1824-1828, 1933. Go to original source...
    18. Eto K., Tsubamoto Y., Terauchi Y. et al.: Role of NADH shuttle system in glucose-induced activation of mitochondrial metabolism and insulin secretion. Science 283:981-985, 1999. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Fahiens L.A., MacDonald MJ., Kmiotek E.H. et al.: Regulation of insulin release by factors that also modify glutamate dehydrogenase. J. Biol. Chem. 263:13610-13614, 1988. Go to original source...
    20. Folch J., Lees M., Solane S.G.H.: A simple method for isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 26:497-509, 1957. Go to original source...
    21. GarciaMartinez J.A., VillanuevaPenacarrillo M.L., Valverde I. et al..: Potentiation of the insulinotropic and hypoglycaemic action of gliquidone by succinic acid esters. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 325:65-68, 1997. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Hawan D., Bandhu H.K, Singh B. et al.: Effect of D-400 (a herbal formulation) on the regulation of glucose metabolism in diabetic rats. Indian J. Pharmacol. 28:224-228, 1996.
    23. Koening R.J., Peterson C.M., Jones R.: Correlation of glucose regulation and haemoglobin A1C in diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 295: 417-420, 1978. Go to original source...
    24. Konukoglu D., Serin Ö., Akcay T., Hatemi H.: Relationship between diabetic angiopathic complications and serum total and lipid associated sialic acid concentrations. Med. Sci. Res. 27:53-55, 1999.
    25. Koyama I., Yakushijin M., Goseki M. et al.: Partial breakdown of glycated alkaline phosphatases mediated by reactive oxygen species. Clin. Chim. Acta 275: 27-41, 1998. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Kumar P.A., Haseeb A., Suryanarayana P. et al.: Elevated expression of αA- and αB-crystallins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 444:77-83, 2005. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Ladriere L., Malaisse W.J.: Nutritional value of succinic acid monoethyl ester in starvation. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 41:118-125, 1997. Go to original source...
    28. Latha M., Pari L.: Preventive effects of Cassia auriculata L. flowers on brain lipid peroxidation in rats treated with streptozotocin. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 243:23-28, 2003. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Latha M., Pari L.: Effect of an aqueous extract of Scoparia dulcis on plasma and tissue glycoproteins in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Pharmazie 60:151-154, 2005. Go to PubMed...
    30. Lebovitz H.E.: Oral therapies for diabetic hyperglycaemia. Endocrin. Metab. Clin. North Am. 30: 909-33, 2001. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. MacDonald M.J., Fahien L.A.: Glyceraldehyde phosphate and methyl esters of succinic acid. Two new potent insulin secretagogues. Diabetes 37:997-9, 1988. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Malaisse W.J.: The esters of carboxylic nutrients as insulinotropic tools in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Gen. Pharmacol. 26: 1133-1141, 1995. Go to original source...
    33. Maechler P., Wollheim C.B.: Mitochondrial signals in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the beta cell. J. Physiol. 529:49-56, 2000. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Masiello P., Broca C., Gross R. et al.: Experimental NIDDM: development of a new model in adult rats administered streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Diabetes 47:224-9, 1998. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. McMillan D.E.: Changes in serum protein and protein bound carbohydrates in diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 6:597-604, 1970. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. McMillan D.E.: Elevation of glycoprotein fucose in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 21:863-871, 1972. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. Niebes P.: Determination of enzymes and degradation products of glycosaminoglycans metabolism in the serum of healthy and varicose subjects. Clin. Chim. Acta. 42:399-408, 1972. Go to original source...
    38. Olden K., Parent J.B., White S.L.: Carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins: a reevaluation of their functions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 650: 209-232, 1982. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. Pari L., Saravanan R.: Succinic acid monoethyl ester and metformin regulates carbohydrate metabolic enzymes and improves glycemic control in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type2 diabetic rats. Iran. J. Pharmacol. Ther. 4:132-137, 2005.
    40. Patti M.E., Virkamai A., Landaker E.J. et al.: Activation of the hexosamine pathway by glucosamine in vivo induces insulin resistance of early post receptor insulin signaling events in skeletal muscles. Diabetes 48:1562-1571, 1999. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. Peters A.L., Davidson M.B., Schriger D.L., Hasselblad V. A.: Clinical approach for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: an analysis using glycosylated haemoglobin levels. Meta-analysis research group on the diagnosis of diabetes using glycated haemoglobin levels. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 276:1246-1252, 1996. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    42. Picton S.F., Flatt P.R., Mcclenghan N.H.: Differential acute and long-term actions of succinic acid monomethyl ester exposure on insulin secreting BRAIN- BD 11 cells. Int. J. Exp. Diabetes. Res. 2:19-27, 2001. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    43. Radhakrishnamoorthy B., Berenson G.S.: Structure of glycopeptides from a glycoprotein from bovine aorta. J. Biol. Chem. 248:2000-2010, 1973. Go to original source...
    44. Radhakrishnanamoorhy B., Berenson G.S., Pargaonkar P.S. et al.: Serum free and protein-bound sugars and cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus. Lab. Invest. 34:159-165, 1976.
    45. Reusch J.E.: Focus on insulin resistance in type-2 diabetes: therapeutic implications. Diabetes Educ. 24:188-93, 1998. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    46. Schiller S., Dorfman A.: The metabolism of mucopolysaccharides in animals. The influence of insulin. J. Biol. Chem. 227:625-632, 1957. Go to original source...
    47. Sharma N.C., Sur B.K.: Serum fucose and sialic acid levels in children and adults under normal and pathophysiological condition. Indian J. Med. Res. 55:380-384, 1967.
    48. Shirwaikar A. K., Rajendran S., Barik R.: Effect of aqueous bark extract of Garaga pinnata Roxb in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type II diabetes mellitus. J. Ethnopharmacol. 107:285-290, 2006. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    49. Spiro R.G., Spiro M.J.: Effect of diabetes on the biosynthesis of the renal glomerular basement membrane. Studies on the glycosyl transferase. Diabetes 20:641-648, 1971. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    50. Sudhakar Nayak S., Pattabiraman T.N.: A new colorimetric method for the estimation of glycosylated haemoglobin. Clin. Chem. Acta. 109:267-274, 1981. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    51. Tandon S.K., Solanki R.L., Ramdeo I.N. et al.: A study of serum glycoprotein in cardiovascular disorders. Indian J. Med. Res. 37:223-225, 1983.
    52. Thornalley P. J.: Glycation diabetic neurpathy; characteristics, consensus causes, and therapeutic options. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 50: 37-57, 2002. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    53. Thornalley P. J.: Glycation and/or polyol pathway inducing complications. Encyclopedia of Endocrine Dis. 2:257-278, 2004. Go to original source...
    54. Trinder P.: Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 6:24-27, 1969. Go to original source...
    55. Vlassara H., Palace M. R.: Diabetes and advanced glycation end products. J. Intern. Med. 251: 87-101, 2002. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    56. Warren L.: The thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acids. J. Biol. Chem 234:1971-1975, 1959. Go to original source...
    57. Wiese T. J., Dunlap J.A., Yorek M.A.: Effect of L-fucose and L-glucose concentration on L-fucoprotein metabolism in human Hep G2 cells and changes in fucosyltransferase and αL-fucosidase activity in liver of diabetic rats. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1:61-72, 1997. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    58. Yanardag R., Ozsoy-Sacan O., Bolkent S. et al.: Protective effects of metformin treatment on the liver injury of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 24:129-135, 2005. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    59. Yorek M.A., Wiese T.J., Davidson E.P., et al.: Reduced motor-nerve conduction-velocity and Na +-K+-ATPase activity in rats maintained on L-fucose diet: reversal by myoinositol supplementation. Diabetes 42:1401-1406, 1993. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    60. Yiping J.I.A., Ramasamy S., Wood F. et al.: Cross-linking with O-raffinose lowers oxygen affinity and stabilizes haemoglobin in a non-cooperative T-state conformation. Biochem. J. 384:367-375, 2004. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    61. Zawalich W.S., Zawalich K.C.: Biochemical mechanisms involved in monomethyl succinate-induced insulin secretion. Endocrinology 131:649-654, 1992. Go to original source...
    62. Zhang E.Y., Swaan P.W.: Determination of membrane protein glycation in diabetic tissue. AAPS PharmSci. 20:1-7, 1999. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content