J Appl Biomed 22:67-73, 2024 | DOI: 10.32725/jab.2024.010

Does vanillic acid affect fracture healing? An experimental study in a rat model of femur fracture

Ahmet Yurteri1, Numan Mercan2, *, Mehmet Kiliç1, Murat Çelik3, Fatih Doğar4, Ahmet Yildirim1
1 Konya City Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Konya, Turkey
2 Kahramanmaras Necip Fazil City Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
3 Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Konya, Turkey
4 Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kahramanmaras, Turkey

Background and objectives: We aimed to determine the effects of vanillic acid (VA) on fracture healing radiologically, histologically, immunohistochemically, and biomechanically using a rat femur open fracture injury model.

Methods: 32 male Wistar-Albino rats were used and divided into two groups: the study group (VA) and the control group. From the time they were operated on until they were sacrificed, the rats in the study group were given 100 mg/kg/day VA by oral gavage. After sacrification, the femurs were analyzed.

Results: It was observed that the Huo histological scoring was significantly higher in the VA group (p = 0.001), and the ratio of the amount of callus tissue compared to intact bone tissue was significantly higher. While no significant difference was observed in immunohistochemical H-scores in ColI antibody staining (p = 1.000), a borderline significant difference in favor of VA was observed in ColIII antibody staining (p = 0.078). In biomechanical analysis, failure load (N), total energy (J), maximum stress (MPa), and stiffness (N/mm) measurements were significantly higher in the VA group (p = 0.040, p = 0.021, p = 0.015, and p = 0.035, respectively).

Conclusion: It has been observed that VA, with its antioxidative properties, increases fracture healing in rats, in which an open fracture model was created. We are hopeful that such an antioxidant, which is common in nature, will increase fracture healing. Since this study is the first to examine the effect of VA on fracture healing, further studies are needed.

Keywords: Angelica sinensis; Fracture union; Open fracture; Phenolic compounds; Vanillic acid
Conflicts of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Received: November 18, 2023; Revised: June 3, 2024; Accepted: June 12, 2024; Prepublished online: June 17, 2024; Published: June 24, 2024  Show citation

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Yurteri A, Mercan N, Kiliç M, Çelik M, Doğar F, Yildirim A. Does vanillic acid affect fracture healing? An experimental study in a rat model of femur fracture. J Appl Biomed. 2024;22(2):67-73. doi: 10.32725/jab.2024.010. PubMed PMID: 38912861.
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