Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 2014 (vol. 12), issue 4

Contents

J Appl Biomed 12:v, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/S1214-021X(14)00088-X  

Oxime treatment for organophosphorus compound exposure: Getting it (into the brain) might not be that good for you, after all

Georg A. Petroianu

J Appl Biomed 12:191-192, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.09.002  

Indoxyl sulfate stimulates oxidized LDL uptake through up-regulation of CD36 expression in THP-1 macrophages

Longxing Cao, Qiang Fu, Bing Hui Wang, Wen Jin, Zhiliang Li

J Appl Biomed 12:203-209, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.07.001  

Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, is considered as a risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease. As uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) in macrophages is a key event in the progression of atherosclerosis, the aim of this study was to determine direct effects of IS on uptake of Ox-LDL in macrophages. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that IS significantly stimulated Ox-LDL uptake by THP-1 macrophages in both dose- and time-dependent manners. A CD36 inhibitor, sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (SSO), and ERK1/2 inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126, could suppress the IS-stimulated Ox-LDL uptake. IS also stimulated...

A comparison of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of quinuclidinyl benzilate-induced behavioural deficit in rats performing the multiple T-maze

Jan Misik, Jiri Kassa

J Appl Biomed 12:211-217, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.01.006  

Cholinesterase inhibitors are beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease via indirect increase of cholinergic neuro-transmission. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potency of inhibitors tacrine, rivastigmine and donepezil to reverse cholinergic depletion induced by 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB, 2 mg kg^-1) in Wistar rats performing the multiple T-maze test. The effect of QNB on retention was compared to the effect of standard amnesic drug, scopolamine, at the dose of 0.3 mg kg^-1. Well-trained rats were treated intra-peritoneally with QNB, followed by another injection containing saline or tacrine (10 mg...

Scutia buxifolia Reiss inhibit platelet aggregation and alters the activities of enzymes that hydrolyze adenine nucleotides in lymphocytes and platelets

Aline Augusti Boligon, Victor Camera Pimentel, Mariana Piana, Daniela Zanini, Roberta Schmatz, Margarete Dulce Bagatini, Margareth Linde Athayde, Vera Maria Morsch, Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetingera

J Appl Biomed 12:219-227, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.05.001  

Platelets plays a central role in hemostatic processes and consequently are similarly involved in pathological processes, such as arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis. In this study we investigate the effect of aqueous crude extracts of Scutia buxifolia on NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activity on platelets and lymphocytes as well as the profile of the platelet aggregation. The effect of the aqueous crude extract obtained from S. buxifolia leaves (SbL) and stem bark (SbS) on enzymatic activities and platelet aggregation was investigated by in vitro tests. The platelets and lymphocytes were exposed to aqueous extracts of S....

Parallelism of circadian rhythmicity of salivary and serum cortisol concentration in normal dogs

Claudia Giannetto, Francesco Fazio, Anna Assenza, Daniela Alberghina, Michele Panzera, Giuseppe Piccione

J Appl Biomed 12:229-233, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.01.009  

To evaluate parallel circadian rhythms in salivary and serum cortisol concentrations during 48-h period, sampling was performed in six clinically healthy dogs of various breeds housed under natural photoperiod in spring (sunrise 05:20, sunset 20:20). Saliva and blood samples were taken every 3 h for a 48-h period to determine the daily changes in salivary and serum cortisol concentrations. The relationship between salivary and serum cortisol level was determined as well. In the two-day period of monitoring, salivary and serum cortisol concentrations showed the same trend. Their levels started to increase at sunrise and reached their peak in the middle...

Limited protective properties of thymol and thyme oil on differentiated PC12 cells with downregulated Mgst1

Monika Sobczak, Danuta Kalemba, Bozena Ferenc, Ludmila Zylinska

J Appl Biomed 12:235-243, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.08.002  

In this study we analyzed molecular mechanisms of antioxidative protection of thymol and thyme oil using differentiated PC12 cells, a widely accepted neuronal model. Thymol due to multiple functions is commonly used for clinical applications. However, its action on nervous tissue remains poorly understood. We evaluated the effect of 24 h incubation of the cells with thymol (100 and 400 μM) and equivalent content of thyme oil. Microsomal glutathione transferase 1 (Mgst1) is an important player in anti-oxidative protection because of its transferase and peroxidase activities. Since its expression decreases during aging, we also used stable transfected...

Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and physico-chemical properties of some n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium halides

Salomé El Hage, Barbora Lajoie, Jean-Luc Stigliani, Aurélie Furiga-Chusseau, Christine Roques, Geneviève Baziard

J Appl Biomed 12:245-253, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.02.002  

Quaternary ammonium salts (chloride, bromide and iodide; QUATs) with n-alkyl chain lengths between C8 and C18 have been synthesized under optimized experimental conditions. These compounds were tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity against representative bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus CIP 4.83, Enterococcus hirae CIP 5855, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 82118, Escherichia coli CIP 53126, Mycobacterium smegmatis CIP 7326) and fungal species (Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Candida albicans IP 118079, Trichophyton interdigitale IP 146583). While these compounds showed moderate antifungal...

Visfatin/pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor immunohistochemical overexpression in oral cancers

Li-Wen Lin, Yung-Chuan Lu, Chao-Ping Wang, Chia-Chang Hsu, Li-Fen Lu, Ming-Che Hsin, I.-Ting Tsai, Fu-Mei Chung, Jer-Yiing Houng, Yau-Jiunn Lee, Chih-Yu Chen

J Appl Biomed 12:255-262, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.08.003  

Increased visfatin expression has been shown to increase gene expression, which promotes cell survival and increases SirT1 activity thereby promoting angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) express high levels of activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3). Since visfatin expression is increased by Stat3, we hypothesized that visfatin protein may be highly expressed in OSCCs. Immunohistochemistry was the technique used to examine the expression of visfatin in 19 OSCCs and 4 hyperplastic lesions. The results indicated that visfatin was detected in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the OSCCs...

Expressions of P-glycoprotein in treatment - Resistant Helicobacter pylori patients

Marhanis Omar, Andrew Crowe, Chin Yen Tay, Jeffery Hughes

J Appl Biomed 12:263-269, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.02.001  

ObjectiveThere is an increasing incidence of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy failure secondary to antibiotic resistance. In this study, we aimed to assess the P-glycoprotein expression levels among subjects who were H. pylori-positive and received multiple courses of eradication therapy to understand factors that may associate with their non-responses.MethodsEleven resistant subjects were recruited during their hospital visit for upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. H. pylori infection status was confirmed by rapid urease test and bacterial culture. P-glycoprotein expressions from the antral and duodenal biopsies...

Circadian gene expression in peripheral blood of Bos taurus under different experimental condition

Giuseppe Piccione, Vincenza Cannella, Vincenzo Monteverde, Cristiano Bertolucci, Elena Frigato, Fulvio Congiu, Annalisa Guercio

J Appl Biomed 12:271-275, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.07.002  

The aim of the study was to investigate clock gene expression in Bos taurus and the alteration of that during two pathological conditions, evaluating the daily expression pattern of four clock genes (Per2, Cry2, Bmal1, Clock) in peripheral blood cells. Five healthy cows, five affected by Brucellosis (BR) and five affected by Bovine Viral Diarrhoea-Mucosal Disease (BVD-MD) were housed in indoor stalls under natural spring conditions, blood samples were collected at 4 h intervals over a 24 h period. Statistical analysis showed rhythmic expression of clock genes mRNAs in healthy cows. Cows affected by BR did not show...

Avidity of anticardiolipin antibodies-A factor that could be important for their detection by ELISA methods

Lenka Fialová, Ivan Malbohan, Karin Malíčková

J Appl Biomed 12:277-284, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.01.005  

Avidity is an important feature of antibodies associated with their pathogenic effects. Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs) are the most commonly examined antiphospholipid antibodies, however, their avidity has been investigated only marginally. The aim of the study was to compare the avidity of the antibodies specifically bound to the cardiolipin-coated microtitrate wells with those bound to the wells bearing no cardiolipin in various conditions. We analysed 22 serum samples with high, medium and low levels of aCL IgG. The avidity of aCL IgG was determined in serially diluted sera by the ELISA method in the presence of increasing urea concentrations...

Low molecular weight precursor applicable for Alzheimer disease drugs synthesis (AChE and BChE inhibition, BACE inhibition, antioxidant properties and in silico modulation)

Lucie Drtinova, Petr Dobes, Miroslav Pohanka

J Appl Biomed 12:285-290, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.01.010  

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of progressive dementia in the elderly population, with prevalence of 5% after 65 year of age and is increasing to about 30% in people over 85 year. AD is a neurodegenerative and incurable disease. Currently, three inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), galantamine, donepezil and rivastigmine, and one inhibitor of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor are available as drugs for amelioration of the disease. Demand to prepare drugs for the therapy providing at least relieve of symptoms remains. In this experiment, the ability of standards (donepezil, galantamine, huperzine A, tacrine and 7-methoxytacrine)...

Possible hepatocellular toxicity of EGCG under the influence of an inflammagen

Ibrahim G. Saleh, Zulfiqar Ali, Naohito Abe, Farid M. Hamada, Mohamed F. Abd-Ellah, Larry A. Walker, Ikhlas A. Khan, Mohammad K. Ashfaq

J Appl Biomed 12:291-299, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.03.001  

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is widely used as a weight controlling supplement. Concerns about its safety evoked after cases of hepatotoxicity occurred upon its use. The underlying factors that could be involved in EGCG associated hepatotoxicity are not fully studied. In this study, we investigated the possible impact of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as an inflammagen, on the effect of EGCG on hepatocytes. HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of EGCG (100, 200, 500 μM), with and without LPS (10 nM)-presensitization of the cells. Viability of HepG2 cells decreased with the increased concentrations of EGCG; the viability was even...

Diethyldithiocarbamate complexes with metals used as food supplements show different effects in cancer cells

Jindrich Sedlacek, Luisa M.D.R.S. Martins, Petr Danek, Armando J.L. Pombeiro, Boris Cvek

J Appl Biomed 12:301-308, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.04.002  

Diethyldithiocarbamate (ditiocarb), a metabolite of the old anti-alcoholic drug disulfiram (Antabuse), forms proteasome-inhibiting metal complexes with copper or zinc that suppress cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The drug has been used in a clinical trial (NCT00742911) along with copper gluconate as a dietary supplement in patients with cancer spreading to the liver. In this study, we demonstrate the effect of synthetic complexes of disulfiram with four various metals (Mn, Fe, Cr and Cu) used as food supplements. These complexes may be spontaneously formed in the blood during the use of disulfiram with divalent metals and thus...

Acute methanol poisonings: Folates administration and visual sequelae

Sergey Zakharov, Olga Nurieva, Tomas Navratil, Pavel Diblik, Pavel Kuthan, Daniela Pelclova

J Appl Biomed 12:309-316, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.04.001  

During the outbreak of methanol poisonings in the Czech Republic 2012, we studied the clinical effectiveness of folate therapy in preventing visual damage. Data were obtained from a combined prospective and retrospective study on 79 patients: folinic acid was administered in 28, folic acid in 35; 16 patients received no folates. The groups were comparable by age, time to treatment, laboratory findings, symptoms, and treatment. The number of patients with visual sequelae differed neither between the groups treated with folinic/folic acid, nor between the groups with/without folate administration. The patients with visual sequelae were more acidotic...

Cardioprotective effects of moderate red wine consumption: Polyphenols vs. ethanol

Marcello Iriti, Elena M. Varoni

J Appl Biomed 12:193-202, 2014 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2014.09.003  

Since decades, it has been suggested that regular, moderate consumption of red wine, a major component of Mediterranean diet, at main meals, may contribute to explain the healthy properties attributed to this traditional dietary style. Despite preclinical in vitro/in vivo data have shown a significant cardioprotective activity of grape phytochemicals, mostly polyphenols, evidence in humans is still debated. This lack of consensus may be due to the equilibrium between the two main components of wine relevant for health: ethanol and bioactive compounds or phytochemicals, which include not only polyphenols, but also newly detected molecules, such...