J Appl Biomed 11:209-221, 2013 | DOI: 10.2478/v10136-012-0030-y

Relationship between serum bilirubin and uric acid to oxidative stress markers in Italian and Czech populations

Libor Vítek1,2,*, Ladislav Novotný3, Aleš Žák2, Barbora Staňková2, Tomáš Zima1, Angela Polito4, Greco Cesare5, Chiara Zerbinati6, Luigi Iuliano6
1 Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
2 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
3 Institute of Hygienic Medicine and Medical Epidemiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
4 Food and Nutrition National Research Institute, Rome, Italy
5 Department "Attilio Reale", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
6 Department of Medical Sciences & Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy

Recently, a South-to-North oxidative stress marker gradient has been reported; consistent with known differences in the incidence of coronary heart disease between southern and northern European countries. The aim of the present study was to compare the plasma concentrations of 7-oxocholesterol (7OxCH) and 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7BCH) with systemic antioxidants in healthy Italian and Czech subjects. The study was performed in healthy subjects of Italian (n=131) and Czech (n=84) origins. In all subjects routine biochemistry work-ups were performed; additionally, plasma oxysterols and the peroxyl radicals scavenging activity (PERSA) of the sera were determined. Close relationship of serum bilirubin and uric acid to markers of oxidative stress was observed in both examined populations. Compared to the Czechs, the Italian population showed higher plasma concentrations of both oxysterols (7OxCH: 3.6 vs. 6.0 ng/ml, p

Keywords: oxidative stress; oxysterols; bilirubin; uric acid; Mediterranean diet

Received: October 31, 2012; Revised: December 14, 2012; Published: July 31, 2013  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Vítek L, Novotný L, Žák A, Staňková B, Zima T, Polito A, et al.. Relationship between serum bilirubin and uric acid to oxidative stress markers in Italian and Czech populations. J Appl Biomed. 2013;11(4):209-221. doi: 10.2478/v10136-012-0030-y.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Alkazemi D, Egeland G, Vaya J, Meltzer S, Kubow S. Oxysterol as a marker of atherogenic dyslipidemia in adolescence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 93: 4282-4289, 2008. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Bach-Faig A, Berry EM, Lairon D, Reguant J, Trichopoulou A, Dernini S, Medina FX, Battino M, Belahsen R, Miranda G, Serra-Majem L; Mediterranean Diet Foundation Expert Group. Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates. Public Health Nutr. 14: 2274-2284, 2011. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Beevers DG, Lip GY. Is uric acid really an independent cardiovascular risk factor? Lancet. 352: 1556, 1998. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Binkin N, Fontana G, Lamberti A, Cattaneo C, Baglio G, Perra A, Spinelli A. A national survey of the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Italy. Obes Rev. 11: 2-10, 2010. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Bjorkhem I, Diczfalusy U. Oxysterols: friends, foes, or just fellow passengers? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 22: 734-742, 2002. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Boon AC, Hawkins CL, Bisht K, Coombes JS, Bakrania B, Wagner KH, Bulmer AC. Reduced circulating oxidized LDL is associated with hypocholesterolemia and enhanced thiol status in Gilbert syndrome. Free Rad Biol Med. 52: 2120-2127, 2012. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Bulmer AC, Blanchfield JT, Toth I, Fassett RG, Coombes JS. Improved resistance to serum oxidation in Gilbert's syndrome: A mechanism for cardiovascular protection. Atherosclerosis. 199: 390-396, 2008. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Cifkova R, Skodova Z, Bruthans J, Adamkova V, Jozifova M, Galovcova M, Wohlfahrt P, Krajcoviechova A, Poledne R, Stavek P, Lanska V. Longitudinal trends in major cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech population between 1985 and 2007/8. Czech MONICA and Czech post-MONICA. Atherosclerosis. 211: 676-681, 2010. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Frei B, Stocker R, Ames BN. Antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation in human blood plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 85: 9748-9752, 1988. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Gagliardi AC, Miname MH, Santos RD. Uric acid: A marker of increased cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis. 202: 11-17, 2009. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Gelissen IC, Brown AJ, Mander EL, Kritharides L, Dean RT, Jessup W. Sterol efflux is impaired from macrophage foam cells selectively enriched with 7-ketocholesterol. J Biol Chem. 271: 17852-17860, 1996. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Gopinathan V, Miller NJ, Milner AD, Rice Evans CA. Bilirubin and ascorbate antioxidant activity in neonatal plasma. FEBS Lett. 349: 197-200, 1994. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Grau M, Guxens M, Subirana I, Fito M, Covas MI, Jacquemin B, Sunyer J, Lanki T, Picciotto S, Bellander T, Katsouyanni K, Schneider A, Peters A, Marrugat J. South-to-North gradient in lipid peroxidation in men with stable coronary artery disease in Europe. Eur Heart J. 28: 2841-2849, 2007. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Hammerman C, Goldstein R, Kaplan M, Eran M, Goldschmidt D, Eidelman AI, Gartner LM. Bilirubin in the premature: Toxic waste or natural defense? Clin Chem. 44: 2551-2553, 1998. Go to original source...
    15. Horsfall LJ, Rait G, Walters K, Swallow DM, Pereira SP, Nazareth I, Petersen I. Serum bilirubin and risk of respiratory disease and death. J Am Med Assoc. 305: 691-697, 2011. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Iribarren C, Folsom AR, Eckfeldt JH, McGovern PG, Nieto FJ. Correlates of uric acid and its association with asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis: the ARIC Study. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities. Ann Epidemiol. 6: 331-340, 1996. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Iuliano L. The oxidant stress hypothesis of atherogenesis. Lipids. 36 Suppl: S41-S44, 2001. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Iuliano L. Pathways of cholesterol oxidation via non-enzymatic mechanisms. Chem Phys Lipids. 164: 457-468, 2011. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Iuliano L, Piccheri C, Coppola I, Pratico D, Micheletta F, Violi F. Fluorescence quenching of dipyridamole associated to peroxyl radical scavenging: a versatile probe to measure the chain breaking antioxidant activity of biomolecules. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1474: 177-182, 2000. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Iuliano L, Micheletta F, Natoli S, Ginanni C, Iappelli M, Elisei W, Giovannelli L, Violi F, Diczfalusy U. Measurement of oxysterols and alpha-tocopherol in plasma and tissue samples as indices of oxidant stress status. Anal Biochem. 312: 217-223, 2003. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Jirásková A, Novotný J, Novotný L, Vodicka P, Pardini B, Naccarati A, Schwertner HA, Hubácek JA, Puncochárová L, Šmerhovský Z, Vítek L. Association of serum bilirubin and promoter variations in HMOX1 and UGT1A1 genes with sporadic colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer. 131: 1549-1555, 2012. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Kafatos A, Diacatou A, Voukiklaris G, Nikolakakis N, Vlachonikolis J, Kounali D, Mamalakis G, Dontas AS. Heart disease risk-factor status and dietary changes in the Cretan population over the past 30 y: the Seven Countries Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 65: 1882-1886, 1997. Go to original source...
    23. Keys A, Menotti A, Karvonen MJ, Aravanis C, Blackburn H, Buzina R, Djordjevic BS, Dontas AS, Fidanza F, Keys MH et al. The diet and 15-year death rate in the seven countries study. Am J Epidemiol. 124: 903-915, 1986. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Lanti M, Menotti A, Nedeljkovic S, Nissinen A, Kafatos A, Kromhout D. Long-term trends in major cardiovascular risk factors in cohorts of aging men in the European cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Aging Clin Exp Res. 17: 306-315, 2005. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Larsson H, Bottiger Y, Iuliano L, Diczfalusy U. In vivo interconversion of 7beta-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol, potential surrogate markers for oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med. 43: 695-701, 2007. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Lin JP, Vitek L, Schwertner HA. Serum Bilirubin and Genes Controlling Bilirubin Concentrations as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease. Clin Chem. 56: 1535-1543, 2010. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Maruhashi T, Soga J, Fujimura N, Idei N, Mikami S, Iwamoto Y, Kajikawa M, Matsumoto T, Kihara Y, Chayama K, Noma K, Nakashima A et al. Hyperbilirubinemia, augmentation of endothelial function and decrease in oxidative stress in Gilbert syndrome. Circulation. 126: 598-603, 2012. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Menotti A, Lanti M, Puddu PE, Kromhout D. Coronary heart disease incidence in northern and southern European populations: a reanalysis of the seven countries study for a European coronary risk chart. Heart. 84: 238-244, 2000. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Micheletta F, Natoli S, Misuraca M, Sbarigia E, Diczfalusy U, Iuliano L. Vitamin e supplementation in patients with carotid atherosclerosis - Reversal of altered oxidative stress status in plasma but not in plaque. Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol. 24: 136-140, 2004. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Nieto FJ, Iribarren C, Gross MD, Comstock GW, Cutler RG. Uric acid and serum antioxidant capacity: a reaction to atherosclerosis? Atherosclerosis. 148: 131-139, 2000. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. Novotny L, Vitek L. Inverse relationship between serum bilirubin and atherosclerosis in men: a meta-analysis of published studies. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 228: 568-571, 2003. Go to original source...
    32. Stocker R, Keaney JF. Role of oxidative modifications in atherosclerosis. Physiol Rev. 84: 1381-1478, 2004. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Tapan S, Karadurmus N, Dogru T, Ercin CN, Tasci I, Bilgi C, Kurt I, Erbil MK. Decreased small dense LDL levels in Gilbert's syndrome. Clin Biochem. 44: 300-303, 2011. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Traber MG, Jialal I. Measurement of lipid-soluble vitamins - further adjustment needed? Lancet. 355: 2013-2014, 2000. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    35. Trichopoulou A, Costacou T, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N Engl J Med. 348: 2599-2608, 2003. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Tsimikas S, Mallat Z, Talmud PJ, Kastelein JJ, Wareham NJ, Sandhu MS, Miller ER, Benessiano J, Tedgui A, Witztum JL, Khaw KT, Boekholdt SM. Oxidation-specific biomarkers, lipoprotein(a), and risk of fatal and nonfatal coronary events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 56: 946-955, 2010. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. Vejux A, Lizard G. Cytotoxic effects of oxysterols associated with human diseases: Induction of cell death (apoptosis and/or oncosis), oxidative and inflammatory activities, and phospholipidosis. Mol Aspects Med. 30: 153-170, 2009. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. Vitek L, Schwertner HA. The heme catabolic pathway and its protective effects on oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Adv Clin Chem. 43: 1-57, 2007. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    39. Vitek L, Jirsa M, Brodanova M, Kalab M, Marecek Z, Danzig V, Novotny L, Kotal P. Gilbert syndrome and ischemic heart disease: a protective effect of elevated bilirubin levels. Atherosclerosis. 160: 449-456, 2002. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    40. Yano K, Reed DM, Mcgee DL. 10-Year Incidence of Coronary Heart-Disease in the Honolulu Heart Program - Relationship to Biologic and Lifestyle Characteristics. Am J Epidemiol. 119: 653-666, 1984. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    41. Yeum KJ, Russell RM, Krinsky NI, Aldini G. Biomarkers of antioxidant capacity in the hydrophilic and lipophilic compartments of human plasma. Arch Biochem Biophys. 430: 97-103, 2004. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    42. Zucker SD, Horn PS, Sherman KE. Serum bilirubin levels in the US population: Gender effect and inverse correlation with colorectal cancer. Hepatology. 40: 827-835, 2004. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content