J Appl Biomed 15:23-31, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.09.005

Evaluation of soman-induced extracranial histopathology in the context of clinical biochemistry, mitotic and apoptotic activity and morphometric analysis

Jaroslav Pejchal*, Jiří Kassa, Jan Misík, Jana Hatlapatková
Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic

We aimed this study to evaluate histopathology of heart, lung, liver, kidney, small and large intestine in the context of clinical biochemistry, mitotic (intestine only) and apoptotic activity and morphometric analysis (intestine and lung only). Male Wistar rats were poisoned by soman (i.m., 52 μg kg-1; 70% LD50). Samples were taken 1, 3 and 7days following soman exposure. Biochemistry was evaluated in blood. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Mallory's PTAH method, immunohistochemical detection of activated-caspase-3, TUNEL, and morphometric computer analysis were performed. We found increased AST and CK in blood, areas ranging from acute myolysis and necrosis to areas undergoing resolution in heart, a biphasic response consisting of hyperaemia, edema and bleeding leading to decreased airiness (day 1) and delayed inflammatory response with increased apoptosis (day 7) in lung, lymphangiectasis in small intestine (day 1) and subepithelial edema in large intestine (day 3) after soman intoxication. In intestine, mitotic activity decreased in crypts 1 and 7days after the intoxication. Apoptotic activity decreased in the superficial compartment on the day 1, whereas it increased in the same compartment 3days after the poisoning. Soman intoxication at the sublethal dose induced significant biochemical changes in blood and histopathological changes in heart, lung and intestine.

Keywords: Soman; Histopathology; Rat; Heart; Lung; Intestine; Apoptosis; Mitosis

Received: September 15, 2016; Accepted: September 22, 2016; Published: January 1, 2017  Show citation

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Pejchal J, Kassa J, Misík J, Hatlapatková J. Evaluation of soman-induced extracranial histopathology in the context of clinical biochemistry, mitotic and apoptotic activity and morphometric analysis. J Appl Biomed. 2017;15(1):23-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.09.005.
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