Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 2017 (vol. 15), issue 1

Contents

J Appl Biomed 15:v, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/S1214-021X(17)30007-8  

Modulation of HMG-CoA reductase and glutathione-linked enzymes and protection against pro-oxidant induced oxidative damage in colon (Caco-2) cells and rat colon homogenates by phenolic extracts from Shaddock (Citrus maxima) peels

Ayokunle O. Ademosun, Ganiyu Oboh, Sabina Passamonti, Federica Tramer, Lovro Ziberna, Aline Augusti Boligon

J Appl Biomed 15:1-8, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.09.001  

This study sought to characterize the soluble free and bound phenolic compounds from shaddock (Citrus maxima) peels and investigate their effect on 3-hydroxy-methyl-3-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) and glutathione-linked enzymes in colon (Caco-2) cells. The radicals scavenging ability and the protective ability of the phenolic extracts against pro-oxidant induced oxidative damage in Caco-2 cells and rat colon homogenates were also investigated. The free phenolics were extracted with 80% acetone (v/v), while bound phenolics were extracted from the alkaline (NaOH) and acid (HCl) hydrolyzed residue with ethyl acetate. HPLC fingerprinting...

Lack of association between PBMC telomere length and endurance exercise

Joshua Denham

J Appl Biomed 15:9-13, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.09.004  

Telomeres are repetitive DNA located at the ends of chromosomes that preserve genomic stability. Excessive leukocyte telomere shortening is associated with cardio-metabolic disease and increased mortality risk. Although most studies indicate exercise training could attenuate leukocyte telomere attrition, data is somewhat equivocal. The inconsistencies could be partly explained by the different populations of leukocytes isolated for telomere length assessment. Accordingly, average peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and whole blood leukocyte telomere length were assessed in 44 endurance athletes and 40 healthy controls using quantitative PCR. While...

Deagglomeration and characterization of detonation nanodiamonds for biomedical applications

Seidy Pedroso-Santana, Andrei Sarabia-Saínz, Noralvis Fleitas-Salazar, Karla Santacruz-Gómez, Monica Acosta-Elías, Martin Pedroza-Montero, Raul Riera

J Appl Biomed 15:15-21, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.09.003  

Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) are usually small particles of 4-5 nm, but in aqueous suspension, DNDs form agglomerates in sizes larger than 1 μm. We propose the use of Bead Assisted Sonic Disintegration and a carboxylation procedure, to reduce DNDs aggregates sizes to approximately 100 nm. High cost zirconium beads have been substituted by silica beads synthetized in our laboratory and less-time consuming conditions were standardized. Techniques as Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), have been used to characterize the resulting...

Evaluation of soman-induced extracranial histopathology in the context of clinical biochemistry, mitotic and apoptotic activity and morphometric analysis

Jaroslav Pejchal, Jiří Kassa, Jan Misík, Jana Hatlapatková

J Appl Biomed 15:23-31, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.09.005  

We aimed this study to evaluate histopathology of heart, lung, liver, kidney, small and large intestine in the context of clinical biochemistry, mitotic (intestine only) and apoptotic activity and morphometric analysis (intestine and lung only). Male Wistar rats were poisoned by soman (i.m., 52 μg kg^-1; 70% LD₅₀). Samples were taken 1, 3 and 7days following soman exposure. Biochemistry was evaluated in blood. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Mallory's PTAH method, immunohistochemical detection of activated-caspase-3, TUNEL, and morphometric computer analysis were performed. We found increased AST and CK in blood, areas ranging...

Magnetocaloric effect for inducing hypothermia as new therapeutic strategy for stroke: A physical approach

Ramón Iglesias-Rey, Alba Vieites-Prado, Bárbara Argibay, Francisco Campos, Manuel Bañobre-López, Tomás Sobrino, José Rivas, José Castillo

J Appl Biomed 15:33-38, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.09.006  

Hypothermia is an effective neuroprotective strategy for acute stroke. However, in clinical practice, the induction of hypothermia is achieved through the systemic reduction of body temperature (using thermal covers or endovascular cooling devices) which results in a complex system associated in many cases to side effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the magnetocaloric effect as a potential new therapeutic strategy for stroke by means of an adiabatic magnetic refrigerator device.As a first approach, we have developed a simple device to evaluate in vitro the thermodynamic behavior of different concentrations of commercial...

Zinc supplementation modifies trace element status in exercised rats

Andrey A. Skalny, Yulia S. Medvedeva, Irina B. Alchinova, Eugenia R. Gatiatulina, Ivan V. Radysh, Mikhail Yu. Karganov, Anatoly V. Skalny, Alexandr A. Nikonorov, Alexey A. Tinkov

J Appl Biomed 15:39-47, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.09.007  

PurposeInvestigation of the effect of exercise and zinc (Zn) supplementation on trace element status in rats.Methods24 male Wistar were divided into four groups: control, exercised, Zn-supplemented (15 mg/kg weight Zn asparaginate), exercised Zn-supplemented. Zn was supplemented as Zn asparaginate. Serum lactate and creatinine levels, and creatine kinase activity were assessed. Tissue trace elements were estimated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsExercise significantly increased lactate, and creatinine levels. Exercise significantly decreased muscle, kidney, and hair Zn; liver, muscle and serum Co; serum...

A comparison of the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two novel bispyridinium oximes (K305, K307) with the oxime K203 and trimedoxime in tabun-poisoned rats and mice

Jiri Kassa, Vendula Sepsova, Anna Horova, Kamil Musilek

J Appl Biomed 15:49-53, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.09.008  

The reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two newly developed oximes (K305, K307) was compared with the oxime K203 and trimedoxime using in vivo methods The study determining percentage of reactivation of tabun-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the peripheral as well as central nervous system (diaphragm, brain) in tabun-poisoned rats showed that the reactivating efficacy of both newly developed oximes is lower compared to the reactivating efficacy of the oxime K203 and trimedoxime. The therapeutic efficacy of all oximes studied roughly corresponds to their reactivating efficacy. While the ability of the oxime K305 to reduce acute toxicity...

Examining the temporo-mandibular joint from a biotensegrity perspective: A change in thinking

Graham Scarr, Helen Harrison

J Appl Biomed 15:55-62, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.10.002  

The temporo-mandibular joint is a characteristic feature of mammalian development, and essential to mastication and speech, yet it causes more problems than any other joint in the body and remains the least understood. While it is generally accepted that the normal joint is loaded under compression, the problems and controversies surrounding this view remain unresolved and the disparity in opinion over its treatment continues. Although difficulties in the acquisition of reliable information have undoubtedly contributed to this situation, it is now considered that deficits in neural control and shortcomings in the underlying biomechanical theory and...

Molecular mechanisms responsible for programmed cell death-inducing attributes of terpenes from Mesua ferrea stem bark towards human colorectal carcinoma HCT 116 cells

Muhammad Asif, Majed Ahmed Al-Mansoub, MD Shamsuddin Sultan Khan, Ashwaq Hamid Salem Yehya, Mohammed Oday Ezzat, Chern Ein Oon, Muhammad Atif, Aman Shah Abdul Majid, Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid

J Appl Biomed 15:71-80, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.10.003  

The current study explored the in vitro anticancer properties of Mesua ferrea stem bark (SB) extract towards human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. SB was successively extracted with different solvents using soxhlet apparatus. MTT assay was employed to test toxicity against different cancer and normal cell lines. Active extract (n-Hexane) was fractionated by column chromatography (CC) to get the most active fraction (F-3). Series of in vitro assays were employed to characterize cytotoxic nature of F-3. Antioxidant properties of F-3 were assessed using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays followed by GC-MS analysis. Intracellular ROS...

Hypoglycemic effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium extract on alloxan-induced diabetic mice is associated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ-mediated hepatic glycogen synthesis

Xiang Shang, Zeng-Yan Zhu, Feng Wang, Jin-Cheng Liu, Jiang-Yun Liu, Mei-Lin Xie

J Appl Biomed 15:81-86, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.10.001  

Previous studies have indicated that polyphenol-rich Chrysanthemum morifolium extract (CME) may inhibit the formation of hyperlipidemic fatty liver in mice. But there has been no report about therapeutic effect on diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we investigated the action of CME and its potential mechanisms. A mouse model with diabetes mellitus was induced by alloxan. The results showed that after treatment of diabetic mice with polyphenol-rich CME 150 and 300 mg/kg for 6 weeks, the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) as well as water and food consumption were decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), the content of hepatic...

Exercise-induced epigenetic regulations in inflammatory related cells

Małgorzata Zawadzka, Paweł Piotr Jagodziński

J Appl Biomed 15:63-70, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2016.09.002  

Physical activity has been correlated with transient immune impairment. However, such activities lead to improvement in immunity rather than dysfunction. The major benefit of regular exercise is the reduction of low-grade inflammation which consequently prevents or attenuates metabolic diseases, such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer or even depression. As a major factor responsible for general improvements in the immune system, scientists have examined epigenetics. Epigenetic mechanisms include cytosine methylation, micro-RNA expression and post-transcriptional modifications of histones, which regulate tissue-specific...