J Appl Biomed 20:7-14, 2022 | DOI: 10.32725/jab.2022.005

Evaluation of anti-biofilm, anti-quorum, anti-dysenteric potential of designed polyherbal formulation: in vitro and in vivo study

Devendra Singh¹, Virendra Singh², Shanti Bhushan Mishra³, Deepmala Sharma⁴, Vishnu Agarwal^{1, *}

¹ Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

² Maulana Azad Medical College, Department of Pharmacology, New Delhi, India

³ United Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

⁴ National Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, Raipur, India

Bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) continues to cause havoc worldwide, with a high infectivity rate. It causes bloody diarrhea, and around 99% of bacillary dysentery cases occur in developing countries. The objective of this study is to develop a polyherbal formulation with the scientific rationale in treating infectious bacillary dysentery disease. The anti-bacterial activity, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the formulation against bacillary dysentery, causing microbes like Shigella flexneri (MTCC 1457), Escherichia coli (MTCC 1687), and Salmonella enterica (MTCC 98), was analysed by well-diffusion method and broth dilution method, respectively. The biofilm inhibition activity was determined on 96 well polystyrene plates and anti-quorum sensing activity by Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. The cytotoxicity was examined by acute oral toxicity. Excreta and organ bacterial load were analyzed by serial dilution method. The formulation efficacy was determined by analyzing the blood sample of rats. The antimicrobial efficacy of the developed formulation was calculated by measuring the zone of inhibition which was found to be 24 mm, 25 mm, and 25 mm, and the MIC values of 1.5 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml, and 2.0 mg/ml against S. flexneri, S. enterica, E. coli, respectively. The results show that the polyherbal formulation significantly reduced biofilm formation and has anti-quorum sensing activity. The formulation also effectively decreases the bacterial load and increases the K+, Na+, and Ca++ ions in animals treated with the formulation. The developed formulation was found to be non-toxic and effective against bacillary dysentery; thus, it can be used for treating bacillary dysentery and related complications.

Keywords: Anti-biofilm; Anti-dysenteric; Anti-quorum; Cytotoxicity; Herbal formulation

Conflicts of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interests to declare.

Received: October 24, 2020; Revised: January 13, 2022; Accepted: February 28, 2022; Prepublished online: March 16, 2022; Published: March 17, 2022  Show citation