J Appl Biomed 22:49-58, 2024 | DOI: 10.32725/jab.2024.003

Amelioration of obesity induction by a high-fat diet and related inflammation by Phasa fish (Setipinna phasa) oil in BALB/c mice

Titli Panchali¹, Ananya Dutta¹, Pipika Das¹, Amina Khatun¹, Riya Kar¹, Subhadeep Mondal¹, Keshab Chandra Mondal², Sudipta Chakrabarti¹, Kuntal Ghosh¹, Shrabani Pradhan^{1, *}

¹ Midnapore City College, Department of Paramedical and Allied Health Sciences, Bhadutala, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India

² Vidyasagar University, Department of Microbiology, Midnapore, West Bengal, India

We have extracted and characterized Phasa fish (Setipinna phasa) oil for the first time to evaluate the anti-obesity and related anti-inflammatory effects on obese mice. Inbred male albino BALB/c mice were segregated into three categories: control (C), Obese control group (OC), and Phasa fish oil treated group (TX). To establish the potentiality of Setipinna phasa oil for its anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties, it was extracted and characterized using GC-MS method. To evaluate the anti-obesity effect, different parameters were considered, such as body weight, lipid composition, obesity, and obesity associated inflammation. The physicochemical characteristics of Phasa fish oil revealed that the oil quality was good because acid value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value, Totox value, refractive index, and saponification value were within the standard value range. The GC-MS study explored the presence of fatty acids beneficial to health such as Hexadec-9-enoic acid; Octadec-11-enoic acid; EPA, DHA, Methyl Linolenate, etc. The application of Setipinna phasa oil on the treated mice group acutely lowered body weight and serum lipid profile compared to the obese group. In connection with this, leptin, FAS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α genes expression were downregulated in the treated group compared to the obese group. The Phasa oil treated group had an elevated expression of PPAR-α, adiponectin, LPL gene, and anti-inflammatory markers IL-10 and IL-1Ra compared to the obese group. This study suggests that Phasa fish oil, enriched with essential fatty acid, might be used as an anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory supplement.

Keywords: Adiponectin; Anti-inflammatory; Fatty acid; Leptin; Obesity; Phasa fish

Grants and funding:

The authors acknowledge the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Govt of India for providing financial support as Extramural Adhoch research grant File no. 5/9/1453/22-Nut. dated 02.01.2023 and for providing a scholarship to the first author of this work.

Conflicts of interest:

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Received: December 24, 2022; Revised: September 23, 2023; Accepted: January 31, 2024; Prepublished online: February 14, 2024; Published: March 15, 2024  Show citation