Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 2017 (vol. 15), issue 4

Contents

J Appl Biomed 15:v, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/S1214-021X(17)30353-8  

Deterrence in metabolic and biofilms forming activity of Candida species by mycogenic silver nanoparticles

Sabahat Hamid, Shama Zainab, Rani Faryal, Naeem Ali

J Appl Biomed 15:249-255, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.02.003  

Candida, a commensal and opportunistic fungal pathogen has been typically known for its biofilm forming ability and device-associated hospital acquired infections in human. The study aimed at exploring the in vitro anti-biofilm and anti-metabolic activity of AgNPs against C. albicans (n = 2),C. tropicalis (n = 2) and C. parapsilosis (n = 2) isolated from urine samples. Broth dilution method revealed greater than 50% inhibition at 100 ppm against Ag NPs in 24 h. An overall reduction of 55-86% in biomass (crystal violet staining assay) and 20-73% in metabolic activity (XTT assay) was observed in...

RGD peptide doped polypyrrole film as a biomimetic electrode coating for impedimetric sensing of cell proliferation and cytotoxicity

Yuan Li, Chao Yu

J Appl Biomed 15:256-264, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.06.001  

A novel and facile in vitro cell sensing system has been developed with one-step electropolymerization of the conducting polypyrrole(PPy) polymer using RGD peptide as the sole dopant on an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface. The resulted RGD peptide-doped polypyrrole (PPy/RGD) composite film had a robust surface, in which PPy provided a biocompatible matrix for cell growth and a conducting interface for electrical detection, while the RGD peptide entrapped in the PPy matrix conferred the desired biomimetic properties. Using the human lung cancer cell A549 as a model, this system can be used to monitor cell behaviors of proliferation and cytotoxicity.

Neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement by treatment with γ-oryzanol in sporadic Alzheimer's disease

Abhishek B. Jha, Shital S. Panchal

J Appl Biomed 15:265-281, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.05.001  

Sporadic Alzheimer's disease is characterised by cognitive impairments and associated with cerebrometabolic anomaly and dementia which are burdensome for the old age population and their caregivers worldwide. A safe and effective treatment is essentially required for its prevention and cure. γ-Oryzanol (OZ) is reported for anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic effects in various preclinical studies. In silico studies showed similar binding interactions with acetylcholinisterase like Donepezil (DONO). In vitro DPPH assay, AchE activity inhibition assay and cell viability assay on SH-SY5Y...

Segmentation and detection of physical activities during a sitting task in Parkinson's disease participants using multiple inertial sensors

Sara Memar, Mehdi Delrobaei, Greydon Gilmore, Kenneth McIsaac, Mandar Jog

J Appl Biomed 15:282-290, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.05.002  

IntroductionThe development of inertial sensors in motion capture systems enables precise measurement of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). The type of physical activities performed by the PD participants is an important factor to compute objective scores for specific motor symptoms of the disease. The goal of this study is to propose an approach to automatically detect the physical activities over a period time and segment the time stamps for such detected activities.MethodsA wearable motion capture sensor system using inertial measurement units (IMUs) was used for data collection. Data from the sensors attached to the shoulders,...

Novel chromogenic bacteria characterized and their probable treatment options using herbal products and reagents to restrict biofilm formation

Sarbani Ashe, Subhadarshani Agasti, Satish Lakkoji, Pradipta Ranjan Rauta, Harekrushna Sahoo, Monalisa Mishra, Bismita Nayak

J Appl Biomed 15:291-298, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.08.001  

Among all oral diseases, teeth infection is a commonly encountered problem in dentistry with teeth blackening commonly seen in kids. One of the major causes of teeth blackening are the chromogenic bacteria which form biofilm in the teeth. So far there is no significant and safe treatment available for teeth blackening. The current study focuses on teeth blackening by chromogenic bacteria and various factors promoting the biofilm formation and its treatment by an alternative herbal approach. Distinct colonies isolated from dental swabs of children with black stained teeth were grown individually on oyster shell to identify the particular isolate responsible...

Ameliorating effect of Curculigo orchoides on chromium(VI) induced oxidative stress via, modulation of cytokines, transcription factors and apoptotic genes

K. Navya, G. Phani Kumar, K.R. Anilakumar

J Appl Biomed 15:299-306, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.03.003  

The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Curculigo orchoides on hexavalent chromium (Cr VI) induced toxicity in rats was investigated. Sub-acute toxicity studies were performed by OECD guidelines. K₂Cr₂O₇ (30 mg/kg) was administered to all groups except control group for a period of 28 days by oral gavage. Control group received distilled water; treatment groups received C. orchoides (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg). Cr(VI) administration resulted in up-regulation of serum biochemical parameters such as alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and tissue biochemical markers viz. lipid...

Effects of Shen-Fu injection on random skin flap survival in rats

Lin Dingsheng, Wang Long, Jin Zhicheng, Cai Leyi

J Appl Biomed 15:307-312, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.03.001  

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of Shen-Fu injection treatment on skin flap survival in an experimental random pattern skin flap model in rats.Materials and methodsNinety male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to the SFI-treated groups and normal saline-treated (control) group. SFI (10 or 20 ml/kg) or normal saline (10 ml/kg) were administered intraperitoneally once daily. On postoperative day 2, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-6 were evaluated. Besides, flap survival rate, tissue edema, mean vessel densities, number of neutrophil,...

Film wound dressing with local anesthetic based on insoluble carboxymethycellulose matrix

Lenka Vinklárková, Ruta Masteiková, Gabriela Foltýnová, Jan Muselík, Sylvie Pavloková, Jurga Bernatonienė, David Vetchý

J Appl Biomed 15:313-320, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.08.002  

The aim of the presented research was to formulate, prepare and evaluate novel film wound dressings containing lidocaine hydrochloride. The conversion of partially substituted fibrous sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to an acidic form of CMC enabled the formation of an insoluble matrix which consequently provided the prepared films with excellent handling properties in their wet state. The drug concentration which was incorporated into an external layer of the film was 5 mg/cm². The films demonstrated satisfactory mass and drug content uniformity as well as an acidic surface pH advantageous for wound application. An in vitro drug...

Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles and their potential applications in biomedicine

Anila Fariq, Tabeer Khan, Azra Yasmin

J Appl Biomed 15:241-248, 2017 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.03.004  

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field evolved within past few decades and playing substantial role in environment, industry, agriculture and pharmacology. Integration of nanotechnology and biotechnology has led to the foundation of nanomedicine. It has provided novel breakthroughs in cure of various ailments and disorders, drug delivery systems, detection and diagnostics of different diseases. However, use of microbially synthesized nanoparticles in health and medicine is still limited. This article highlights the green approach of nanomaterials synthesis using microbes and current status of their applications in biomedical field.