Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 2009 (vol. 7), issue 3

Original Research Article

The effect of S-nitrosocaptopril and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine on blood glucose concentration and haemodynamic parameters

Sacha Campbell, Ruby Alexander-Lindo, Tara Dasgupta, Donovan McGrowder

J Appl Biomed 7:123-131, 2009 | DOI: 10.32725/jab.2009.013

Studies have shown that S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are able to affect glucose metabolism and blood pressure in animal models. This paper describes an investigation into the effect of two RSNOs, S-nitrosocaptopril (CapSNO) and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) on fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentration, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Rats administered intravenously with CapSNO and SNAP, using dosages of 2.0, 5.0 and 12.5 mg/kg BW, showed a dose-dependent hyperglycaemic effect. Intravenous administration of 12.5 mg/kg BW of CapSNO and SNAP caused a statistically significant increase in fasting blood glucose concentration...

Influence of different ways of euthanasia on the activity of cholinesterases in the rat

Ladislav Novotný, Jan Misík, Jana Karasová, Kamil Kuča, Jiří Bajgar

J Appl Biomed 7:133-136, 2009 | DOI: 10.32725/jab.2009.014

We studied the influence of four methods of euthanasia (decapitation, exsanguination via cardiocentesis following ether anaesthesia, Nembutal anaesthesia, or immersion in a CO₂ atmosphere) on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in the brain and in the blood of mature female rats. A significant decrease was observed in the activity of AChE in the whole blood in the group treated with Nembutal. There were no significant changes in the activity of BChE with any method of euthanasia. Euthanasia in a CO₂ atmosphere was the best technique with respect to the results indicating lack of affect...

Effect of desmopressin on hemochromocytometric and clotting parameters in healthy blood donor dogs

Elisabetta Giudice, Claudia Giannetto, Stefania Casella, Giuseppe Arcuri, Giuseppe Piccione

J Appl Biomed 7:137-142, 2009 | DOI: 10.32725/jab.2009.015

Six clinically healthy blood donor dogs were used to evaluate the effect of desmopressin (DDAVP) on haemochromocytometric and clotting parameters,. They received subcutaneously a physiological solution (placebo) and DDAVP (1μg/kg) with a two-weeks wash-out period between treatments. Blood samples were collected immediately before the injection, after 30 minutes, then after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours. Two-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed no significant effect of DDAVP vs placebo, except for white blood cell (WBC) count, and in particular on neutrophils. In conclusion, DDAVP administration in healthy donor dogs does not induce...

Could oxime HI-6 really be considered as "broad-spectrum" antidote?

Kamil Kuča, Kamil Musílek, Daniel Jun, Miroslav Pohanka, Jana Žďárová Karasová, Ladislav Novotný, Lucie Musilová

J Appl Biomed 7:143-149, 2009 | DOI: 10.32725/jab.2009.016

The broad-spectrum reactivator is a valuable oxime able to reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by nerve agents and pesticides. At present there are many AChE reactivators (oximes) which are suitable candidates as broad-spectrum reactivators and among them is the oxime HI-6, highly enough thought of to have been recommended by many armies for use as a universal antidote. In this study, we wanted to establish whether the designation "broad-spectrum" is a an accurate description or if there are some lacks in reactivation of nerve agents or pesticides. For this purpose, the general in vitro test for the evaluation of AChE reactivators...

Antidiabetic properties of S-allyl cysteine, a garlic component on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

Ganapathy Saravanan, Ponnusamy Ponmurugan, Gandhipuram Periasamy Senthil Kumar, Thatchinamoorthi Rajarajan

J Appl Biomed 7:151-159, 2009 | DOI: 10.32725/jab.2009.017

The present study was carried out to investigate the hypoglycaemic effect of S-allyl cysteine (SAC), a garlic component, on some biochemical parameters of STZ induced diabetic rats. STZ induced diabetic rats were treated with SAC at two different doses (100 mg/kg b.w. and 150 mg/kg b.w.) for 45 days. Treatment with SAC significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood urea, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, and diminished activities of pathophysiological enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The antihyperglycaemic nature of SAC is also evidenced from...

Reviews

Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies production - preparation of potent biorecognition element

Miroslav Pohanka

J Appl Biomed 7:115-121, 2009 | DOI: 10.32725/jab.2009.012

Antibodies are macromolecular structures with a high affinity to a molecule called the antigen. Though the natural aim of antibodies is the protection of the body from pathogens, they have been found to play a useful part in a number of specific treatments and diagnoses. This wider role for antibodies extends to assays where antibodies provide a recognition capability improving available physical methods. Photometrical methods such as ELISA or flow cytometry and electrochemical, optical or piezoelectric immunosensors (biosensors) are typical examples. The present review summarizes facts about the parameters and the production of antibodies. The structure...